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Europe is home to some of the most impressive engineering marvels, and its dams are no exception. These structures not only provide vital water resources but also generate clean energy and support various industries. In this article, we will explore the top 10 largest dams in Europe, delving into their history, size, water sources, and structural volumes.
1. Grand Dixence Dam, Switzerland
The Grand Dixence Dam, located in the Valais canton of Switzerland, is the largest dam in Europe. Completed in 1961, it stands at an impressive height of 285 meters (935 feet). The dam’s reservoir, Lac des Dix, is fed by the melting glaciers of the Pennine Alps, ensuring a constant supply of water. With a structural volume of 15.5 million cubic meters, the Grand Dixence Dam is a testament to Swiss engineering expertise.
2. Inguri Dam, Georgia
The Inguri Dam, situated in the picturesque region of Svaneti in Georgia, is the second-largest dam in Europe. Completed in 1987, it reaches a height of 271.5 meters (891 feet). The Inguri River, originating from the Greater Caucasus Mountains, serves as the primary water source for this colossal structure. With a structural volume of 14.5 million cubic meters, the Inguri Dam plays a crucial role in Georgia’s energy production.
3. Mauvoisin Dam, Switzerland
Switzerland secures another spot on our list with the Mauvoisin Dam, the third-largest dam in Europe. Built in 1957, it stands at a height of 250 meters (820 feet). The dam’s reservoir, Lac de Mauvoisin, is fed by the melting waters of the Mont Collon Glacier. With a structural volume of 14 million cubic meters, the Mauvoisin Dam exemplifies Swiss precision and engineering prowess.
4. Contra Dam, Switzerland
Switzerland continues to dominate the list with the Contra Dam, also known as the Verzasca Dam. Completed in 1965, it reaches a height of 220 meters (720 feet). The dam’s reservoir, Lago di Vogorno, is sourced from the Verzasca River. With a structural volume of 3.2 million cubic meters, the Contra Dam showcases Switzerland’s commitment to sustainable energy production.
5. Aswan High Dam, Egypt
Moving away from Switzerland, we arrive at the Aswan High Dam in Egypt, the fifth-largest dam in Europe. Completed in 1970, it stands at an impressive height of 111 meters (364 feet). The dam harnesses the waters of the mighty Nile River, providing irrigation and hydroelectric power to Egypt. With a structural volume of 43 million cubic meters, the Aswan High Dam is a symbol of Egypt’s commitment to water resource management.
6. Deriner Dam, Turkey
Turkey makes its mark on the list with the Deriner Dam, the sixth-largest dam in Europe. Completed in 2012, it reaches a height of 249 meters (817 feet). The dam’s reservoir, created by the Deriner River, contributes significantly to Turkey’s energy production. With a structural volume of 2.7 million cubic meters, the Deriner Dam showcases Turkey’s dedication to sustainable development.
7. Vajont Dam, Italy
Italy’s Vajont Dam secures the seventh spot on our list. Completed in 1959, it stands at a height of 262 meters (860 feet). The dam’s reservoir, Lago del Vajont, is sourced from the Vajont River. With a structural volume of 2.3 million cubic meters, the Vajont Dam is not only an engineering marvel but also a reminder of the tragic landslide disaster that occurred in 1963.
8. Alqueva Dam, Portugal
Portugal’s Alqueva Dam ranks eighth on our list of the largest dams in Europe. Completed in 2002, it reaches a height of 96 meters (315 feet). The dam’s reservoir, Lake Alqueva, is sourced from the Guadiana River. With a structural volume of 3.16 million cubic meters, the Alqueva Dam plays a crucial role in Portugal’s irrigation and hydroelectric power generation.
9. El Atazar Dam, Spain
Spain’s El Atazar Dam secures the ninth spot on our list. Completed in 1972, it stands at a height of 134 meters (440 feet). The dam’s reservoir, Embalse de El Atazar, is sourced from the Lozoya River. With a structural volume of 2.2 million cubic meters, the El Atazar Dam provides water supply and hydroelectric power to the Madrid metropolitan area.
10. Bratsk Dam, Russia
Russia’s Bratsk Dam concludes our list as the tenth-largest dam in Europe. Completed in 1967, it reaches a height of 125 meters (410 feet). The dam’s reservoir, Lake Bratskoye, is sourced from the Angara River. With a structural volume of 169 million cubic meters, the Bratsk Dam is not only an engineering marvel but also a significant contributor to Russia’s energy production.
Europe’s largest dams are a testament to human ingenuity and engineering excellence. These structures provide vital water resources, support energy production, and contribute to various industries.
From the towering Grand Dixence Dam in Switzerland to the mighty Aswan High Dam in Egypt, each dam on this list showcases the remarkable achievements of European engineering.
As we continue to face global challenges, these dams stand as symbols of our ability to harness nature’s power for the benefit of humanity.